https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/issue/feed International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine 2025-06-16T08:10:25+00:00 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine ijimed2020@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p>International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine (e-ISSN <a href="https://issn.lipi.go.id/terbit/detail/20220216511784208" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2828-4569</a>) is an open acces and peer-reviewed journal by <a href="https://iimf.or.id/">International Islamic Medical Forum</a> in the field of <strong>Islamic Medicine</strong>, <strong>Health Sciences and Complementary Medicine</strong>. IJICM was first launched in 2019 with the name International Journal of Islamic Medicine (e-ISSN <a href="https://issn.lipi.go.id/terbit/detail/1599794844" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2746-3893</a>) with prefix 10.37275 at the previous website <a href="https://islamicmedicine.id/index.php/ijim">https://islamicmedicine.id/index.php/ijim</a> and since Volume 2 No 2, December 2021, the name was changed with new e-ISSN and new prefix 10.55116). Muslims often explore the Prophet's Medicine as an alternative to modern therapies or as a supplement to modern medical treatment. Medical science and technology combined and conforming with the Divine teachings of Islam. The aims of International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine is to disseminate research results and to improve the productivity of scientific publications. IJICM uses English as the primary language.</p> https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/article/view/104 BLACK SEED (NIGELLA SATIVA) IN ISLAMIC, INDIAN, CHINESE HERITAGE AND MODERN MEDICINE: A BRIEF REVIEW 2024-11-23T02:36:02+00:00 Ahmed A. Rawwash ramineofallah@yahoo.com Mohamed F.F Bayomy mffbayomy@yahoo.com Amber Mushtaq dramberpk2000@gmail.com Shahira Hassan shahirahassan@hotmail.com Amr Moustafa Yehia Mohammed amryehia8152@gmail.com Tabish Ishaq Shaikh drtabishclinic@gmail.com Rani Parveen drtabishclinic@gmail.com Ahmed Helmy Saleh ahmedsaleh727@yahoo.com Emad Ahmed Fathy Hussein emadahmed202@gmail.com Rani Parveen emadahmed202@gmail.com <p>Black cumin, or Nigella sativa, is a medicinal plant that is extensively recognised and used on a global scale. This study examines the historical use of black seed in both traditional and modern medicine, as well as its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-parasitic properties. Methods: Data were collected by employing a variety of reputable scientific search engines, such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Taylor &amp; Francis, and Wiley Library…etc. The data was processed and analysed by the author's team to reach the following conclusion: We strongly encourage medical personnel to investigate the integrated application of black cumin as a therapeutic agent alongside contemporary compounds, given the comprehensive antimicrobial efficacy of black seed against pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.</p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Jintan hitam, atau Nigella sativa, merupakan tanaman obat yang dikenal luas dan digunakan dalam skala global. Studi ini meneliti penggunaan jintan hitam secara historis dalam pengobatan tradisional dan modern, serta khasiatnya sebagai antibakteri, antijamur, antivirus, dan antiparasit. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan berbagai mesin pencari ilmiah terkemuka, seperti Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Taylor &amp; Francis, dan Wiley Library…dll. Data tersebut diproses dan dianalisis oleh tim penulis untuk mencapai kesimpulan berikut: Kami sangat menganjurkan tenaga medis untuk menyelidiki aplikasi terpadu jintan hitam sebagai agen terapeutik bersama senyawa kontemporer, mengingat khasiat antimikroba jintan hitam yang komprehensif terhadap bakteri patogen, virus, jamur, dan parasit.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> 2025-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/article/view/97 A CASE STUDY ON WEIGHT LOSS INVOLVING A WOMAN UTILISING WET CUPPING THERAPY, QURAN MEMORISATION AND PHYSICAL EXERSICE 2024-11-23T02:05:59+00:00 Wilda Fasim Hasibuan wildahasibuan23@gmail.com Nurdjanah wildahasibuan23@gmail.com <p>This study seeks to elucidate the weight loss process using cupping, walking, and Quranic memorization. Characterized a process that transpires over an extended duration. This research employs a single subject research design (SSRD) utilizing a baseline and treatment framework (ABAB), with treatment administered according to the status of the obese patient. The study's results indicated a reduction in body weight throughout the three weight loss phases. The ABAB design was implemented for the cupping procedure, walking, and Quran memorization, as all were tailored to the situation of the obese patient. The conclusion is that thorough measures are essential, beginning with body weight, blood pressure, step count, and the quantity of Quranic verses remembered.</p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan proses penurunan berat badan dengan bekam, jalan kaki dan menghafal Al-Quran. Digambarkan proses yang tidak terjadi dalam waktu singkat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan single subject research design (SSRD) dengan desain baseline dan treatment (ABAB), <em>treatment</em> dilakukan berdasarkan kondisi penderita obesitas. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa terjadi penurunan berat badan selama menjalankan 3 proses penurunan berat badan. ABAB desain dilakukan pada metode bekam, jalan kaki dan menghafal Al-Quran, karena semuanya dilakukan disesuaikan dengan kondisi penderita obesitas. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah dibutuhkan pengukuran yang komprehensif, mulai dari pengukuran berat badan, tekanan darah, jumlah langkah jalan kaki, dan jumlah ayat Al-Quran yang dihafal.</p> 2025-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/article/view/94 THE STUDENT PERCEPTIONS, ITEM ANALYSIS, AND ISLAMIC ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE REPRODUCTION BLOCK AT THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE UMP 2024-11-23T02:01:29+00:00 Nabil Gusapo Rynando titikkusumawinakhyu@gmail.com Titik Kusumawinakhyu titikkusumawinakhyu@gmail.com Yunia Annisa yuniaannisamd@gmail.com <p>The Faculty of Medicine at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto (FK UMP) integrates Islamic values into its curriculum, particularly within the reproduction block, aligning with national and Muhammadiyah competency standards. Student performance in Islamic materials is assessed using multiple-choice questions (MCQs), which are analyzed for quality. This study examines the correlation between student perceptions, item analysis, and Islamic academic performance in the reproduction block at FK UMP. An observational, analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 FK UMP students (class of 2021). Data were collected via a validated 35-item perception questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86) and MCQ item analysis using Anates version 4.0. Scores on 10 Islamic MCQs measured academic performance. The results show that there is no significant correlation found between student perceptions and academic performance (p = 0.278). However, item analysis significantly correlated with academic performance (p &lt; 0.01). The conclusion of this research is that student perceptions did not significantly impact academic performance; high-quality MCQ items were strongly associated with better Islamic academic outcomes in the reproduction block.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto (FK UMP) mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam ke dalam kurikulumnya, terutama dalam blok reproduksi, yang selaras dengan standar kompetensi nasional dan Muhammadiyah. Kinerja mahasiswa dalam materi keislaman dinilai dengan menggunakan pertanyaan pilihan ganda (MCQ), yang kemudian dianalisis kualitasnya. Penelitian ini menguji korelasi antara persepsi mahasiswa, analisis butir soal, dan kinerja akademik Islam di blok reproduksi di FK UMP. Penelitian observasional, analitik, dan cross-sectional dilakukan pada 103 mahasiswa FK UMP (angkatan 2021). Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner persepsi 35 item yang telah divalidasi (Cronbach's alpha = 0,86) dan analisis item MCQ menggunakan Anates versi 4.0. Skor pada 10 MCQ Islam mengukur kinerja akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara persepsi siswa dan kinerja akademik (p = 0,278). Namun, analisis butir soal berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan prestasi akademik (p &lt;0,01). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa persepsi mahasiswa tidak secara signifikan berdampak pada kinerja akademik; item MCQ berkualitas tinggi sangat terkait dengan hasil akademik Islam yang lebih baik di blok reproduksi.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> 2025-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/article/view/114 THE QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF BUTTER VAR. OF AVOCADO PEEL EXTRACT (Persea americana) AS AN ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIAL WITH POTENTIAL AS MEDICINE 2025-05-08T01:10:54+00:00 Yugi Hari Chandra Purnama yuggie90@gmail.com Khumairoh Khaerani Huda khumai31rani8@gmail.com <p>Indonesia is rich in biodiversity, including various plant species with potential medicinal properties. One such plant is the avocado (Persea americana), whose peel—often discarded as waste—contains bioactive compounds of pharmacological interest. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites present in the ethanol extract of butter avocado peel from Jember, Indonesia, through qualitative phytochemical screening. The research involved the preparation of simplicia, extraction using 96% ethanol via maceration, and phytochemical testing for four major compound groups: alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The results showed positive reactions for all tested compounds, indicating the presence of these metabolites. Alkaloids were detected through precipitate formation with Dragendorff’s reagent, flavonoids through color change with HCl and magnesium powder, tannins via a color reaction with FeCl₃, and saponins through persistent foam formation after shaking in hot water. The results of this study indicated that avocado skin contained natural compounds that had the potential to serve as alternative raw materials in the development of traditional medicines and phytopharmaceuticals.<br /><br /></p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati, termasuk berbagai spesies tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai obat. Salah satu tanaman tersebut adalah alpukat (<em>Persea americana</em>), di mana bagian kulit buahnya yang sering dianggap limbah ternyata mengandung senyawa bioaktif dengan manfaat farmakologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat dalam ekstrak etanol kulit buah alpukat varietas mentega asal Jember, Indonesia, melalui uji fitokimia secara kualitatif. Proses penelitian meliputi pembuatan simplisia, ekstraksi menggunakan etanol 96% dengan metode maserasi, serta uji fitokimia terhadap empat golongan senyawa, yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin. Hasil menunjukkan reaksi positif terhadap keempat senyawa tersebut. Alkaloid terdeteksi melalui pembentukan endapan dengan reagen Dragendorff, flavonoid melalui perubahan warna setelah penambahan HCl dan serbuk magnesium, tanin melalui perubahan warna setelah ditambahkan FeCl₃, dan saponin melalui pembentukan busa stabil setelah dikocok dengan air panas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kulit buah alpukat mengandung senyawa alami yang berpotensi sebagai sebagai bahan baku alternatif dalam pengembangan obat tradisional dan fitofarmaka.</p> 2025-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/article/view/91 FORMULATION, QUALITY TEST, AND ANTIBACTERY ACTIVITY TEST OF LIQUID SOAP OF ACALIFA (Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg.) LEAVES on Escherichia coli 2024-11-23T01:42:17+00:00 Hilda Khoirunnisa Rohma nafisah@gmail.com Lina Winarti nafisah@gmail.com Nafisah Isnawati nafizisna@gmail.com <p>Although antibacterial soaps have begun to be developed, using akalifa leaves as an active antibacterial ingredient in liquid soap has not been widely explored. Akalifa leaf extract ( Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg. ) is a plant that has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria. Escherichia coli bacteria are the most common cause of diarrhea and spread through dirty hands. One way to prevent diseases caused by bacteria is to use liquid soap made using the saponification process with or without adding other ingredients that do not irritate the skin of the hands. Objective: This study aimed to develop and utilize akalifa leaf extract ( Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg. ) into liquid soap with various extract concentrations. This study was conducted experimentally in the laboratory. Akalifa leaf samples were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent, and the results of the khalifa leaf extract obtained were subjected to phytochemical screening tests. The amount of active substances used with variations in concentrations of FI (3%), F2 (6%) and F3 (9%). The resulting liquid soap preparation was evaluated physically, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, foam height, and viscosity. After that, the antibacterial activity test used the well method. The results of the study showed that khalifa leaf extract contains alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, and saponin compounds. The results of the physical quality evaluation of the three akalifa leaf extract liquid soap formulations meet the range requirements permitted by SNI. The results of the antibacterial activity test showed that all formulations produced inhibition against Escherichia coli bacteria, with a concentration inhibition diameter of 3% (7.55mm ± 0.61) in the moderate category and a concentration of 6% (10.94mm ± 0.80) and 9% (13.04mm ± 1.28) in the strong category. The analysis data showed that each liquid soap variation in concentration of 3%, 6%, and 9% khalifa leaf extract had a significant difference ( p-value &lt;0.05) in the results of the physical quality test and antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that khalifa leaf extract with concentrations of FI (3%), F2 (6%), and F3 (9%) can be formulated into liquid soap that meets physical quality requirements and has antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli bacteria..</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Meskipun sabun antibakteri mulai dikembangkan, penggunaan daun akalifa sebagai bahan aktif antibakteri pada liquid soap belum banyak dieksplorasi<strong>. </strong>Ekstrak daun akalifa (Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli. Bakteri Escherichia coli ini penyebab diare yang paling umum dengan penyebaran melalui tangan yang kotor. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah penyakit karena bakteri adalah dengan menggunakan liquid soap yang dibuat menggunakan proses saponifikasi dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan lain yang tidak mengiritasi kulit tangan. <strong>Tujuan: </strong>Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan dan pemanfaatan ekstrak daun akalifa (Acalypha wilkensiana Müell. Arg.) menjadi liquid soap dengan berbagai variasi konsentrasi ekstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium. Sampel daun akalifa diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%, hasil ekstrak daun akalifa yang diperoleh dilakukan uji skrining fitokimia. Jumlah zat aktif yang digunakan dengan variasi konsentrasi FI (3%), F2 (6%) dan F3 (9%). Sediaan liquid soap yang dihasilkan dilakukan evaluasi mutu fisik meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, tinggi busa dan viskositas. Setelah itu uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ekstrak daun akalifa mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan saponin. Hasil evaluasi mutu fisik ketiga formulasi liquid soap ekstrak daun akalifa memenuhi syarat rentang yang diperbolehkan oleh SNI. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukan bahwa semua formulasi menghasilkan daya hambat terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, dengan diameter hambat konsentrasi 3% (7,55mm±0,61) kategori sedang dan konsentrasi 6% (10,94mm±0,80) dan 9% (13,04mm±1,28) kategori kuat. Data hasil analisis menunjukan masing-masing liquid soap variasi konsentrasi 3%, 6% dan 9% ekstrak daun akalifa memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (p-value&lt;0,05) terhadap hasil uji mutu fisik dan aktivitas antibakteri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun akalifa dengan konsentrasi FI (3%), F2 (6%) dan F3 (9%) dapat diformulasikan menjadi liquid soap yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli.</p> <p> </p> 2025-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/article/view/109 EFFECTS OF SURAH AR-RAHMAN THERAPY ON THE ANXIETY LEVELS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS 2025-04-14T23:06:01+00:00 Nayab Ali anayab030@gmail.com Saba Afzal sabaafzal590@gmail.com Muhammad Arham Abbas arhamabbas2000@gmail.com Hadia Mohsin diamohsin491@gmail.com Rabia Mahmood drrabiamahmoodfmdc@gmail.com Muhammad Rehan mrehan93@gmail.com <p>Anxiety disorders have significantly deteriorated the mental well-being of our young populace, especially medical students, due to the demanding academic curriculum, rigorous study schedules, and the burden of expectations to excel as proficient professionals. Various methods to alleviate anxiety have been employed previously, among which Quran therapy has demonstrated remarkable efficacy for Muslims. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of Surah al-Rahman therapy (the 55th chapter of the Holy Quran) on anxiety levels among 2nd year medical students. A pre-post experimental study was carried out on a sample of 68 participants from the 2nd year of MBBS at Federal Medical College. The participants were classified into two categories: Category 1 encompassed individuals who underwent 1-6 sessions, while Category 2 comprised those who underwent 7-12 sessions. Anxiety levels were evaluated utilizing the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, incorporating descriptive statistics and tests for median difference.</p> <p>The findings of the study indicate that the proportion of participants experiencing severe anxiety decreased from 24.6% (pre-therapy) to 3.1% (post-therapy). Positive outcomes in anxiety reduction were observed irrespective of gender and residency location (p-value &gt;0.005). A significant difference in anxiety scores between pre-therapy and post-therapy was noted in both categories. The conclusion of the study imply that Surah-Ar-Rahman therapy is an effective technique in alleviating anxiety. If sessions of Surah-Ar-Rahman therapy are regularly organized in medical institutions, the spiritual development of medical students could be substantially enhanced, fostering self-assurance and competence essential for excelling in their medical careers. Study limitations: small sample size and no control group.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p>Gangguan kecemasan telah secara signifikan memperburuk kesehatan mental populasi muda kita, terutama mahasiswa kedokteran, karena kurikulum akademik yang menuntut, jadwal belajar yang ketat, dan beban ekspektasi untuk menjadi profesional yang mahir. Berbagai metode untuk meringankan kecemasan telah digunakan sebelumnya, di antaranya terapi Al-Quran yang telah menunjukkan kemanjuran yang luar biasa bagi umat Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai dampak dari terapi Surah al-Rahman (surah ke-55 dalam Al-Quran) terhadap tingkat kecemasan di kalangan mahasiswa kedokteran tahun kedua. Sebuah studi eksperimental pra-pasca dilakukan pada sampel 68 peserta dari tahun ke-2 MBBS di Federal Medical College. Para peserta diklasifikasikan ke dalam dua kategori: Kategori 1 mencakup individu yang menjalani 1-6 sesi, sedangkan Kategori 2 terdiri dari mereka yang menjalani 7-12 sesi. Tingkat kecemasan dievaluasi dengan menggunakan Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25, dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji perbedaan median. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proporsi peserta yang mengalami kecemasan berat menurun dari 24,6% (sebelum terapi) menjadi 3,1% (setelah terapi). Hasil positif dalam pengurangan kecemasan diamati terlepas dari jenis kelamin dan lokasi tempat tinggal (p-value&gt;0,005). Perbedaan yang signifikan dalam skor kecemasan antara pra-terapi dan pasca-terapi dicatat pada kedua kategori. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menyiratkan bahwa terapi Surah Ar-Rahman adalah teknik yang efektif dalam mengurangi kecemasan. Jika sesi terapi Surah-Ar-Rahman diselenggarakan secara teratur di institusi medis, perkembangan spiritual mahasiswa kedokteran dapat ditingkatkan secara substansial, menumbuhkan kepercayaan diri dan kompetensi yang penting untuk unggul dalam karir medis mereka. Keterbatasan penelitian: jumlah sampel yang kecil dan tidak ada kelompok kontrol.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> 2025-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine https://islamicmedicine.or.id/index.php/ijim/article/view/106 THE HYPOTHESIS OF WUḌŪʾ (ISLAMIC RITUAL ABLUTION) PRACTICE AS A POSSIBLE REGULATOR BETWEEN SKIN SURFACE, SKIN MICROBIOTA, AND THE OUTER WORLD 2025-04-21T02:46:22+00:00 Ilir Akshija iakshija@yahoo.com <p><em>Wuḍūʾ</em> (Islamic ritual ablution) is a religious based practice performed daily by Muslims. The expanding knowledge of human skin microbiota composed of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms requires a novel approach toward their management. The importance of <em>wuḍūʾ</em> as a cleaning practice and skin microbiota regulator needs to be studied and applied in case results are found beneficial. A novel approach based on estimating <em>wuḍūʾ</em> effects at first requires a framework of dimensions pointing at possible hypotheses. A literature review will serve as a first step to identify dimensions of skin microbiota possibly affected by <em>wuḍūʾ</em> practice. Calculations of body areas, washing frequency and quality of used water are the following steps of the evaluation. <em>Wuḍūʾ</em> functions like an algorithm and a protocol. It covers 14.5% of body surface and is practiced one to five times daily. Hands are washed six times and in total are washed and rubbed twelve times from contact with other washed parts. Palm (volar) area is washed and rubbed more than opisthenar area (dorsal) part of hand. The forearm is washed thrice to the elbow and is considered a ‘grey area’ of doubtful infective potential, just one cm beyond the washed hand which can probably <em>reinfect</em> the already washed hand. The sequence of actions respects gravitation as a possible contaminating factor. A summary of findings shows possible dimensions <em>wuḍūʾ</em> can be included as a variable in a study. <em>Wuḍūʾ </em>practice can be of help to actual sanitization techniques. An immediate recommendation derived from the practice in times of pandemics like COVID-19 is the possible WHO (World Health Organization) recommendation of hand washing extension to elbows, as surgeons do.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong>Wuḍūʾ (wudhu) adalah praktik keagamaan yang dilakukan setiap hari oleh umat Islam. Pengetahuan yang berkembang tentang mikrobiota kulit manusia yang terdiri dari mikroorganisme komensal dan patogen membutuhkan pendekatan baru terhadap pengelolaannya. Pentingnya wuḍūʾ sebagai praktik pembersihan dan pengatur mikrobiota kulit perlu dipelajari dan diterapkan jika hasilnya terbukti bermanfaat. Pendekatan baru yang didasarkan pada estimasi efek wuḍūʾ pada awalnya membutuhkan kerangka kerja dimensi yang mengarah pada hipotesis yang mungkin. Sebuah tinjauan literatur akan berfungsi sebagai langkah pertama untuk mengidentifikasi dimensi mikrobiota kulit yang mungkin dipengaruhi oleh praktik wuḍūʾ. Perhitungan area tubuh, frekuensi pencucian dan kualitas air yang digunakan adalah langkah selanjutnya dari evaluasi. Wuḍūʾ berfungsi seperti sebuah algoritma dan protokol. Ini mencakup 14,5% dari permukaan tubuh dan dipraktikkan satu hingga lima kali sehari. Tangan dicuci enam kali dan secara total dicuci dan digosok dua belas kali dari kontak dengan bagian yang dicuci. Area telapak tangan (volar) dicuci dan digosok lebih banyak daripada area opisthenar (punggung) tangan. Lengan bawah dicuci tiga kali hingga siku dan dianggap sebagai 'area abu-abu' dengan potensi infektif yang meragukan, hanya satu cm di luar tangan yang dicuci yang mungkin dapat menginfeksi ulang tangan yang sudah dicuci. Urutan tindakan ini memperhatikan gravitasi sebagai faktor kontaminasi yang mungkin terjadi. Ringkasan temuan menunjukkan kemungkinan dimensi wuḍūʾ dapat dimasukkan sebagai variabel dalam penelitian. Praktik Wuḍūʾ dapat membantu teknik sanitasi yang sebenarnya. Rekomendasi langsung yang berasal dari praktik ini di masa pandemi seperti COVID-19 adalah kemungkinan rekomendasi WHO (Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia) untuk memperluas jangkauan cuci tangan hingga ke siku, seperti yang dilakukan para ahli bedah.</p> <p> </p> 2025-06-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Islamic and Complementary Medicine